The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.